So, if in doubt, make an appointment with a GP surgery or travel clinic so that vaccines and other preventative measures can be discussed.This page has information on travelling to Azerbaijan. "While many vaccines provide high levels of protection, some are not as effective - typhoid vaccine, for example, provides around 70% protection over three years and therefore other infection prevention measures such as care with food, water and personal hygiene are important," she adds. "There are also associated costs to health systems if people are unvaccinated and become infected." "The public health risks of lack of vaccination can be separated into individual health risk (direct infection), and public health risk (onwards transmission)," Bramham confirms. Remember, vaccinations not only aim to reduce risks to the individual - they are also an important weapon in the fight to prevent transmission as part of wider disease control efforts. Without vaccination you will be unprotected with a risk of becoming infected and further transmitting the infection. What are the risks of not being vaccinated? 'Immunisation Against Infectious Disease', also known as the Green Book, has the latest information on UK vaccines and vaccination procedures. Other preventative measures can also be discussed. Some last-minute vaccinations are recommended as they may be effective before a disease with a long incubation period develops, and others may be worthwhile even if they don't provide immediate protection for the first part of your trip abroad. However, even if time is short, it may still be worth getting advice. It's probably worth going for an 8-week rather than a 4- to 6-week window, as earlier immunisation will never do any harm, whereas leaving it too late can. NaTHNaC advises those travelling outside the UK to get advice from their GP surgery or travel clinic at least 4-6 weeks before they are due to travel, while those with complex medical needs should seek advice earlier. "Some people require immunisation well in advance, and some may require more than one injection in the course, so you need to allow time for this." "It is advisable to start your vaccinations around eight weeks prior to travel, as it can take a few days to a few weeks for your body to make antibodies," states Dr Preethi Daniel from the London Doctors Clinic. Getting vaccines late also means if you were to develop side-effects, this could potentially happen when you are travelling or when you first get to your destination. "We advise those travelling outside the UK to get advice from their GP surgery or travel clinic at least 4-6 weeks before they are due to travel those with complex medical needs should seek advice earlier."ĭon't be tempted to leave getting vaccinated to the last minute as the body may not have enough time to produce antibodies, leaving you at risk of not being adequately immunised or protected. For the flu vaccine, a dose is required every year. "Some vaccinations offer lifelong protection, whereas others require a booster dose after several months or years. "However, the international certificate required for yellow fever does not become valid until ten days after the vaccine has been administered. "A vaccination for yellow fever, for example, is a mandatory requirement for travelling to some countries in Africa and South America," explains Lynda Bramham, travel health nurse specialist at the National Travel Health Network and Centre (NaTHNaC). However, some, such as rabies or hepatitis B vaccine, require multiple doses spread over several weeks to ensure adequate immunity. Within 7-14 days of receiving a vaccination, the body will usually develop protection to help fight infection. The vaccines you will need depend on your destination, personal health and planned activities, while the timescales in which they need to be taken prior to travel differ for each one. What kind of vaccinations do I need before travelling abroad?
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